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Looking for Richard

by Al PacinoPrescribed for HSC English 2024–2027 (NESA) · Last reviewed Looking for Richard is a 1996 docudrama directed by and starring Al Pacino, which blends rehearsals, performances and interviews to examine Shakespeare's King Richard III and its enduring relevance.

Summary

Looking for Richard is a 1996 docudrama directed by and starring Al Pacino, which blends rehearsals, performances and interviews to examine Shakespeare's King Richard III and its enduring relevance. For the HSC, it is studied in English Advanced Module A: Textual Conversations, paired with Shakespeare's play King Richard III.

Context

Pacino’s film was made in 1996 and represents the director’s attempt to demonstrate the enduring relevance of Shakespeare’s original play. The film was inspired by a resurgent interest during the 1990s in the nature of evil – think of American Psycho and The Silence of the Lambs.

Plot

The opening animation, as the words ‘King Richard’ are joined by ‘loo’ and ‘for,’ making ‘Looking for Richard,’ immediately establishes the film’s purpose to form a clearer understanding of the play.

The following sequence of autumn trees, overlaid with the narration, a quote from The Tempest, serves as a comment on the nature of theatre and what it means to be an actor. Pacino puts forth the idea that theatre and acting are illusionary.

In the next scene, Pacino announces ‘This is my entrance,’ walks onto the stage and sees Shakespeare sitting in the audience. He then walks off the stage. This is a reference to how directors and actors often find Shakespeare intimidating, as well as the command Shakespeare has on media and performance.

The film then shows Pacino and the actor and writer Frederic Kimball interviewing people in New York about Shakespeare. Most have nothing to say. One man replies ‘Shakespeare? What the fuck do you know about Shakespeare?’ which is ironically the exact question the film is seeking to answer.

Interviewees then reflect on what it was like to learn Shakespeare at school, where it was taught dully: ‘it made no sense, because there was no connection made.’ Pacino explains that ‘by taking this one play, Richard III’, he and his colleagues hope to ‘communicate both our passion for it’ and their understanding of it. In doing so, he articulates the film’s purpose: to highlight to audiences the reasons for Shakespeare’s enduring relevance.

We then see Pacino lament ‘I don’t know why we even bother doing this at all. But we’ll give it a little try.’ He then provides some historical background for the play, while the scholar Barbara Everett explains the significance of Richard’s physical deformity. This sequence emphasises the importance of approaching Shakespeare’s work with an academic background.

Pacino is then shown performing his speech, and we get the impression that he did it perfectly.

The film returns to exploring the idea that Americans in particular are hesitant to engage with Shakespeare’s works. But, this is contrasted with Pacino and Kevin Kline explaining the nature of the play in colloquial terms, reflecting how accessible it can be.

What follows is a brief exploration of the power of language to communicate truths and feelings: Vanessa Redgrave claims that for centuries, words have been ‘divorced from truth.’ The man with one tooth states that we would ‘say less and mean more’ if only we expressed our emotions more honestly.

Pacino and Kimball go to Shakespeare’s home in Stratford. Pacino claims he had an ‘inner’ epiphany, but it is mostly left to the audience to gauge whether the experience had any spiritual or creative impact on either man.

Pacino requests that a young actress who is capable of doing Shakespeare plays Lady Anne: they get Winona Ryder to fill the role. Kimball is furious that Pacino has been talking to scholars about Shakespeare, believing that it betrays the film’s purpose.

Rehearsals and the film performance of Act 1, Scene 2, in which Anne is wooed by Richard, are shown. The performances are excellent, demonstrating the truth that an understanding of the text is necessary. But Pacino is doubtful: ‘We’ll never finish this movie … We’re making a documentary about making Shakespeare accessible to people.’

In London, they go to the Globe Theatre. Pacino is impressed by the acoustics. He begins to speak as if he is Richard: ‘I want to be king, Frederic. Make me king.’

Pacino then performs as Richard during his death scene. He asks, ‘Is this it? … Are we done?’ He then asks John Gielgud ‘I love the silence… What’s the line?’ to which Gielgud replies ‘The rest is silence,’ Hamlet’s final line. Pacino then says ‘Silences,’ by which he refers to the end of the play, which is finished.

The end of the film mirrors the beginning, as the lines from The Tempest appear once more: ‘Our revels now are ended…’ In doing so, the film makes its concluding statement on the nature of acting.

Quote Table

  • “You can do something from Shakespeare” scene

    Technique
    Montage, Close up shots
    Idea
    Contemporary perspectives, Documentary
  • Pacino’s filmed scene of Clarence’s arrest

    Technique
    Chiaroscuro lighting
    Idea
    Portrayal of Richard, Power
  • Depiction of Richard during Clarence’s arrest and opening soliloquy

    Technique
    Close up shots, lighting.
    Idea
    Portrayal of Richard
  • Penelope Allen’s view of the portrayal of Queen Elizabeth

    Technique
    Midshot and close up, Framing
    Idea
    Morality, Gender
  • Pacino’s direction at the cloisters

    Technique
    Tracking shots
    Idea
    Determinism, Power
  • “I remember our English teacher” et al. vox pops

    Technique
    Vox pop/Interview
    Idea
    Contemporary perspectives, Documentary
  • “Complete with lies and innuendo” scene

    Technique
    Analogy
    Idea
    Manipulation, Power, Portrayal of Richard
  • Casting and introduction of Winona Ryder as Anne - “I want somebody very young”

    Technique
    Lighting, Wide shot
    Idea
    Portrayal of Richard, Contemporary perspectives, Gender
  • Analysing “Now is the winter of our discontent” soliloquy

    Technique
    Editing, Interviews, Tracking and close up shots
    Idea
    Portrayal of Richard, Perspectives on Richard

King Richard III & Looking for Richard - Visual Aid

Visual aidKing Richard III and Looking for Richard
Themes
  • Nature of Power: Resonances, dissonances, reimagining, reframing, mirror, collision, context
  • Role of Women: Resonances, reimagining, mirror, collision, align, context
  • Appearance Versus Reality: Resonances, dissonances, reimagining, reframing, mirror, collision, context, textual features
Quotes
  • 'I am determined to prove a villain ... to set my brother Clarence and the King in deadly hate'
  • 'What shall we do if we perceive / Lord Hastings will not yield to our complots? / Chop off his head! ... when I am king, claim thou of me / The earldom of Hereford'
  • Analysing the 'Now is the winter of our discontent' soliloquy scene
  • The discussion and staging of Richard's piety - 'politicians complete with lies and innuendo' scene
Context
  • Shakespeare wrote King Richard III around 1593
  • Elizabeth was descended directly from Richmond who is depicted in the play
  • The Elizabethan stage was censored
  • Tudor propaganda, depicting Richard as a poor, decrepit, evil King
  • Humanism, Providentialism, Predeterminism
  • Pacino's film was released in 1996
  • Resurgent interest during the 1990s in the nature of evil
  • Postmodernism
  • Pacino hybridises a variety of different genres and techniques to create the docudrama, drama and documentary
  • The film explicitly discuss Richard as if he were a modern politician
Connections Between the Texts
  • Pacino dramatises some scenes from King Richard III, some of which are listed here: Act 1, Scene 3, Act 3, Scene 1, with some images from Act 3, Scene 4, and Act 5, Scene 5
  • Intertextuality
  • While Shakespeare's Richard is playing on the multitude of names characters hold - Richard is the Duke of Gloucester, George is the Duke of Clarence - Kimball and Pacino conclude this might be too confusing for audiences, and elect to change 'G' to 'C'. This dissonance is also indicative of nature of subsequent directors and performers to take liberties with the text.

Frequently Asked Questions

Which module is Looking for Richard studied in for the HSC?
Looking for Richard is set for HSC English Advanced Module A: Textual Conversations, studied alongside Shakespeare's King Richard III.
Who directed Looking for Richard?
Al Pacino directed the film in 1996, and he also stars in it, appearing both as himself and in the role of Richard III.
What type of text is Looking for Richard?
It is a docudrama that mixes documentary elements, such as street interviews and discussions with actors and scholars, with staged performances of scenes from King Richard III.
What is the purpose of Looking for Richard?
Pacino made the film to demonstrate the enduring relevance of Shakespeare's play and to make Shakespeare accessible, particularly to American audiences who are often hesitant to engage with his work.

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